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MMPI-2-RF Kit

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form

MMPI-2-RF
Published in 2008, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form® (MMPI-2-RF®) provides a shorter, psychometrically improved, clinically effective version of the test. The MMPI-2-RF shares the MMPI-2 normative sample, which was collected in the late-1980s. Guidance on using this test in your telepractice. The MMPI-3 is now available! Learn more here.

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    - of 50 results
    • MMPI-2-RF Spine-CIR Q-global Starter Kit
      25139 Qualification Level C

      Includes Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation (Print), Technical Manual (Print), User's Guide for the Spine- and Stim-Candidate Interpretive Reports (Print), 1 softcover Test Booklet (Print), 3 Answer Sheets (Print), and 3 report usages (Digital)

      $283.90

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Stim-CIR Q-global Starter Kit
      25140 Qualification Level C

      Includes Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation (Print), Technical Manual (Print), User's Guide for the Spine- and Stim-Candidate Interpretive Reports (Print), 1 softcover Test Booklet (Print), 3 Answer Sheets (Print), and 3 report usages (Digital)

      $283.90

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Handscore Complete Kit with Softcover Test Booklets (Print)
      00647 Qualification Level C

      Includes Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation (Print), Technical Manual (Print), 25 Answer Sheets, all 5 sets of Profile Forms, all 5 sets of Answer Keys, and 5 softcover Test Booklets and tote bag

      $699.30

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    • MMPI-2-RF Handscore Complete Kit with Durable Test Booklet (Print)
      00648 Qualification Level C

      Includes Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation (Print), Technical Manual (Print), 25 Answer Sheets, all 5 sets of Profile Forms, all 5 sets of Answer Keys, and 1 durable spiral bound Test Booklet and tote bag

      $699.30

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    • MMPI-2-RF Q-global User's Guide For Reports (Digital)
      64055 Qualification Level C

      Once ordered, the digital asset is accessible by logging into Q-global and visiting the Q-global Resource Library. It is a view-only digital file.

      $63.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Q-global Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation (Digital)
      64054 Qualification Level C

      $81.30

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    • MMPI-2-RF Q-global Administration and Technical Manuals Bundle (Digital)
      0150018207 Qualification Level C

      Includes 1 Administration Manual (Digital) and 1 Technical Manual (Digital); once ordered, the digital assets are accessible by logging into Q-global and visiting the Q-global Resource Library. They are view-only digital files.

      $123.10

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    • MMPI-2-RF Administration and Technical Manuals Bundle (Print)
      25052 Qualification Level C

      Includes 1 Administration Manual (Print) and 1 Technical Manual (Print)

      $126.50

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    • MMPI-2-RF Q-global Technical Manual (Digital)
      64053 Qualification Level C

      $81.30

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    • MMPI-2-RF User's Guide For Reports (Print)
      25055 Qualification Level C

      $64.90

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    • MMPI-2-RF Q-global Police Candidate Interpretive Report User's Guide (Digital)
      64002 Qualification Level C

      Once ordered, the digital user's guide is accessible by logging into Q-global and visiting the Q-global Resource Library. It is a view-only digital file.

      $63.00

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report User's Guide (Print)
      25073 Qualification Level C

      $64.90

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Q-global Spine-CIR/Stim-CIR User's Guide (Digital)
      25136 Qualification Level C

      Once ordered, the digital asset is accessible by logging into Q-global and visiting the Q-global Resource Library. It is a view-only digital file.

      $63.00

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Spine-CIR/Stim-CIR User's Guide (Print)
      25135 Qualification Level C

      $64.90

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    • MMPI-2-RF Score Report Q-global Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      63621 Qualification Level C

      $21.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Clinical Interpretive Report Q-global Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      63620 Qualification Level C

      $47.25

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    • MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report Q-global Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      64001 Qualification Level C

      $36.75

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    • MMPI-2-RF Spine-CIR Q-global Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      25129 Qualification Level C

      $47.25

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    • MMPI-2-RF Stim-CIR Q-global Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      25132 Qualification Level C

      $47.25

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    • MMPI-2-RF Score Report Q Local Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      51562 Qualification Level C

      $21.00

      Report administrations can only be ordered via the Q Local software or by phone at 866-627-7271. Find out more about ordering via the software by clicking here.

    • MMPI-2-RF Clinical Interpretive Report Q Local Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      51563 Qualification Level C

      $47.25

      Report administrations can only be ordered via the Q Local software or by phone at 866-627-7271. Find out more about ordering via the software by clicking here.

    • MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report Q Local Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      51643 Qualification Level C

      $36.75

      Report administrations can only be ordered via the Q Local software or by phone at 866-627-7271. Find out more about ordering via the software by clicking here.

    • MMPI-2-RF Spine-CIR Q Local Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      25130 Qualification Level C

      $47.25

      Report administrations can only be ordered via the Q Local software or by phone at 866-627-7271. Find out more about ordering via the software by clicking here.

    • MMPI-2-RF Stim-CIR Q Local Administration/Report Qty 1 (Digital)
      25131 Qualification Level C

      $47.25

      Report administrations can only be ordered via the Q Local software or by phone at 866-627-7271. Find out more about ordering via the software by clicking here.

    • MMPI-2-RF Score Report Mail-In Answer Sheet Qty 1
      21300 Qualification Level C

      Includes Answer Sheet (Print) and report processed by Pearson's scoring department

      $29.80

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    • MMPI-2-RF Clinical Interpretive Report Mail-In Answer Sheet Qty 1
      21301 Qualification Level C

      Includes Answer Sheet (Print) and report processed by Pearson's scoring department

      $69.70

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    • MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report Mail-In Answer Sheet Qty 1
      25074 Qualification Level C

      Includes Answer Sheet (Print) and report processed by Pearson's scoring department

      $48.40

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    • MMPI-2-RF Spine-CIR/Stim-CIR Mail-In Answer Sheet Qty 1
      25133 Qualification Level C

      Includes Answer Sheet (Print) and report processed by Pearson's scoring department

      $69.70

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    • MMPI-2-RF Softcover Test Booklets Qty 5 (Print)
      25056 Qualification Level C

      $33.90

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    • MMPI-2-RF Durable Test Booklet Qty 1 (Print)
      25057 Qualification Level C

      $33.90

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    • MMPI-2-RF Softcover Test Booklet Spanish Qty 1 (Print)
      25072 Qualification Level C

      $17.30

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    • MMPI-2-RF Softcover Test Booklet French-Canadian Qty 1 (Print)
      25078 Qualification Level C

      $17.30

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    • MMPI-2-RF Q Answer Sheets Qty 25 (Print)
      51564 Qualification Level C

      For use with Q Local or Q-global systems

      $33.60

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    • MMPI-2-RF Handscore Answer Sheets Qty 25 (Print)
      25053 Qualification Level C

      $50.90

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    • MMPI-2-RF Spine-CIR/Stim-CIR Q Answer Sheets Qty 25 (Print)
      25134 Qualification Level C

      For use with Q Local or Q-global systems

      $33.60

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report Q Answer Sheet Qty 25 (Print)
      25079 Qualification Level C

      For use with Q Local or Q-global systems

      $33.60

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF PSY-5 Handscore Answer Key Set Qty 1 (Print)
      25071 Qualification Level C

      Includes 5 plastic templates for use with Test Booklets, Profile Forms, and Record Forms

      $67.20

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    • MMPI-2-RF Audio CD
      25061 Qualification Level C

      $89.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Audio CD Spanish
      25126 Qualification Level C

      $89.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales Handscore Profile Forms Qty 25 (Print)
      25062 Qualification Level C

      $42.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order and Restructured Clinical Handscore Profile Forms Qty 25 (Print)
      25064 Qualification Level C

      $42.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Somatic/Cognitive and Internalizing Handscore Profile Forms Qty 25 (Print)
      25066 Qualification Level C

      $42.00

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales Handscore Profile Forms Qty 25 (Print)
      25068 Qualification Level C

      $42.00

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Psy-5 Handscore Profile Forms Qty 25 (Print)
      25070 Qualification Level C

      $42.00

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    • MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales Handscore Answer Key Set Qty 1 (Print)
      25063 Qualification Level C

      Includes 18 plastic templates for use with Test Booklets, Profile Forms, and Record Forms

      $67.20

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    • MMPI-2-RF Somatic/Cognitive and Internalizing Handscore Answer Key Set Qty 1 (Print)
      25067 Qualification Level C

      Includes 14 plastic templates for use with Test Booklets, Profile Forms, and Record Forms

      $67.20

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order and Restructured Clinical Handscore Answer Key Set Qty 1 (Print)
      25065 Qualification Level C

      Includes 12 plastic templates for use with Test Booklets, Profile Forms, and Record Forms

      $67.20

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales Handscore Answer Key Set Qty 1 (Print)
      25069 Qualification Level C

      Includes 11 plastic templates for use with Test Booklets, Profile Forms, and Record Forms

      $67.20

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2 PSY-5 Test Monograph (Print)
      29422 Qualification Level C

      $29.00

      Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock.

    • MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales Test Monograph (Print)
      29433 Qualification Level C

      $53.40

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    - of 50 results

    Overview

    Publication date:

    2008

    Age range:
    18 years and older

    Reading level:
    5th grade (Lexile average), 4.5 grade (Flesch-Kincaid)

    Qualification level:
    C

    Qualification Level

     

    Level A

    This approval level enables you to buy our assessments that require no professional degree, accreditation, organization membership, or license/certificate.

    Level B

    This approval level enables you to buy our assessments requiring A or B qualification levels.

    Level C

    This approval level enables you to buy all our assessments.

    Completion time:
    35-50 minutes

    Administration:
    Q-global, Q Local, or paper-and-pencil

    Scoring options:
    Q-global® scoring & reporting, Q-Local™ software, hand scoring, or mail-in scoring service

    Report options:

    Score, Clinical Interpretive, Police Candidate Interpretive, Spine Candidate and Stimulator Candidate Interpretive Reports

    Norms:
    The MMPI-2-RF provides a gender-balanced normative sample and was drawn from the MMPI-2 norms collected in the late-1980s (1,138 men and 1,138 women). The MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered and non-K-corrected.
     

    Other languages:
    Translations for U.S. Spanish and French for Canada (used with U.S. English-language norms)

    Telepractice:

    Guidance on using this test in your telepractice.

    Q-gVP available with this assessment

    Q-global Video Proctoring (Q-gVP)

    Learn more

    Product Details

    A New Norm: The MMPI-3 is now available! Try it now with a free trial

    The MMPI-2-RF provides an empirically validated, psychometrically improved assessment, supported by a comprehensive body of research. Composed of 338 items, with the RC (Restructured Clinical) Scales at its core, the MMPI-2-RF enhances clinical effectiveness and efficiency.

    How to Use this Test

    The MMPI-2-RF aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of settings. The test can be used to help:

    • Assess major manifestations of psychological dysfunction.
    • Give a strong empirical foundation for expert testimony in forensic evaluations.
    • Identify suitable candidates for high-risk public safety positions.
    • Help assess psychological and behavioral dysfunction of bariatric, spine surgery, and spinal cord stimulator candidates, as well as chronic pain patients.
    • Support treatment and management decisions in criminal justice and correctional settings.
    • Evaluate participants in substance abuse programs and identify potential treatment approaches.
    • Support college counseling assessments.
    • Support marriage and family counseling assessments.

    Applications

    Key Features

    • Comprehensive technical manual that presents empirical data. The technical manual reports empirical correlates of the scales in a range of settings, including mental health inpatient and outpatient clinics, substance abuse treatment centers, criminal court proceedings, personal injury and disability evaluations, and public safety employment evaluations.
    • Nationally representative normative sample. Drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample, the MMPI-2-RF normative sample consists of 2,276 men and women between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S.
    • Comparison groups. Descriptive data from a broad range of settings make it possible for test users to compare individual test results with relevant reference groups in settings such as mental health, medical, forensic, criminal justice, and public safety.
    • Only 35–50 minutes to administer.
      Save even more time—administration by computer takes only 25–35 minutes.

    Comparison Groups

    The following comparison groups are available in the Score and Interpretive reports.

    View list of comparison groups

    Software and Report Features

    • Ability to score MMPI-2 protocols as MMPI-2-RF protocols with Q-global and Q Local
    • Add comparative means and standard deviations for more than 25 different settings to your MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report  or MMPI-2-RF Score Report
    • Create and share customized comparison groups with the Comparison Group Generator
    • Generate item-level responses for any of the 51 scales, choosing from a number of cut-off options
    • Access annotation, end notes, and hover text your MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report
    • Hyperlinks from Reference List to supporting online research literature

    Q Local 4.0 Now Available

    Scales

    View list of scales

    Psychometric Information

    The MMPI-2-RF normative sample is drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample. It consists of 2,276 men and women between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S. The MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered and non-K-corrected.

    Telepractice

    Find out how to use this test in your telepractice.

    Learn more

    Training

    Resources

    Spotlight on the MMPI-2-RF

    Yossef S. Ben-Porath, PhD

    Discover more about the development, composition, and use of the MMPI-2-RF in this video series presented by co-author Yossef S. Ben-Porath, PhD.

    Advantages of the MMPI-2-RF

    MMPI-2-RF Development & Scales

    MMPI-2-RF Interpretation

    MMPI-2-RF Materials and Reporting

    Applications

     

     

    Additional Resources

    		 

     

    Scoring & Reporting

    The MMPI-2-RF® Score and Interpretive Reports provide raw and T scores for all 51 empirically validated scales of the MMPI-2-RF. These reports also enable users to include comparative means and standard deviations for all comparison groups and allow users to create their own customized comparison groups.

    Score Report

    This report provides scores for all 51 scales of the test in the following profiles:

    • Validity scales
    • Higher-Order and Restructured Clinical (RC) scales
    • Somatic/Cognitive and Internalizing scales
    • Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest scales
    • PSY-5 scales

    Sample Reports

    Interpretive Report

    This report includes full scoring information (see Score Report) and an integrated interpretation of scores organized in the following sections:

    • Synopsis – Summary of the major conclusions
    • Protocol Validity – Comprehensive information about potential threats to test validity
    • Substantive Scale Interpretation – Description of clinical symptoms, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies
    • Diagnostic Considerations – Diagnostic possibilities indicated by test results
    • Treatment Considerations – Recommendations pertaining to treatment planning
    • Item–Level Information – List of unscorable responses, critical responses, and user-designated item-level information
    • Endnotes – Identification of scores that triggered each interpretive statement
    • Research Reference List – Sources of interpretive statements based on empirical correlates

    Sample Report

    Spine Surgery Candidate Interpretive Report 
    Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidate Interpretive Report

    Authors: Andrew R. Block & Yossef S. Ben-Porath 

    Developed using extensive empirical research, the MMPI-2-RF Spine Surgery CandidateInterpretive Report (Spine-CIR) and MMPI-2-RF Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidate Interpretive Report (Stim-CIR) assist psychologists in pre-surgical evaluations of patients being considered for these procedures. The reports provide comprehensive scoring information and an integrated interpretation of scores based on a comparison to more than 1800 spine surgery and spinal cord stimulator candidates. The integrated interpretation of scores is organized in the following sections.

    • Synopsis – Summary of major conclusions
    • Protocol Validity – Comprehensive information about test validity
    • Substantive Scale Interpretation – Description of clinical-level symptoms, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies
    • Diagnostic Considerations – Diagnostic possibilities indicated by test results
    • Comparison Group Findings – Substantive scale findings in the context of the spinal cord stimulator or spine surgery candidate comparison group
    • Presurgical Psychological Risk Factors – Potential risk factors associated with diminished surgical results organized in 9 domains relevant to outcomes
    • Postsurgical Outcomes – Potential areas of increased risk for specific postsurgical adverse results
    • Treatment Recommendations – Guidance for individualizing treatment for optimal outcomes
    • Item–Level Information – List of unscorable responses, critical responses, user-designated item-level information, and items warranting follow-up in the context of presurgical evaluations
    • End Notes – Identification of scores that triggered each interpretive statement
    • Research Reference List – Sources of interpretive statements based on empirical correlates

    Sample Reports

    Police Candidate Interpretive Report

    Authors: David M. Corey & Yossef S. Ben-Porath

    The MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR), developed based on police officer outcome research, is designed to assist psychologists in confidently evaluating police officer candidates accurately and efficiently. The PCIR provides comprehensive scoring information (see Score Report) with an integrated interpretation of scores based on a comparison group of more than 2000 police candidates assessed throughout North America. The integrated interpretation of scores is organized in the following sections.

    • Synopsis – Summary of major conclusions
    • Protocol Validity – Comprehensive information about test validity with guidance on implications of overly positive self-presentation
    • Clinical Findings – Description of clinical-level symptoms, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies
    • Diagnostic Considerations – Diagnostic possibilities indicated by test results
    • Comparison Group Findings – Substantive scale findings in the context of the police officer candidate comparison group
    • Job-Relevant Correlates – Potential problems in 10 job domains identified as relevant to police candidate suitability
    • Item–Level Information – List of unscorable responses, critical responses, user-designated item-level information, and critical follow-up items for police candidate evaluations
    • End Notes – Identification of scores that triggered each interpretive statement
    • Research Reference List – Sources of interpretive statements based on empirical correlates

    Sample Reports

    Scoring and Reporting Options

     

    Q-global® Web-based Administration, Scoring, and Reporting – Enables you to quickly assess and efficiently organize examinee information, generate scores, and produce accurate comprehensive reports all via the Web.

    Q Local™ Scoring and Reporting Desktop Software - Enables you to score assessments, report results, and store and export data on your computer.

    Mail-in Scoring Service - Specially designed answer sheets are mailed to Pearson and are processed within 24–48 hours of receipt; results returned via regular mail.

    Manual Scoring – Administer assessments on answer sheets and score them yourself with answer keys and profile/record forms.

    		 

    FAQs

    Frequently asked questions follow. Click on a question to see the response.

    Norms

    Does the MMPI-2-RF have different norms than the MMPI-2?

    The MMPI-2-RF normative sample is drawn from the MMPI-2 normative sample and consists of 2,276 men and women, 1,138 of each gender, between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities in the U.S. The MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered and non-K-corrected. No new norms were collected for the MMPI-2-RF.

    Are there norms for different cultures for the MMPI-2-RF test?

    American minorities are included in the normative sample. There are no separate cultural norms.

    Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation

    Where can I find information about the content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity of the MMPI-2-RF instrument?

    The manuals for the MMPI-2-RF are available from NCS Pearson, Inc.

    Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2008). MMPI-2-RF Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008). MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Are there tables in the MMPI-2-RF manuals converting MMPI-2 item ordering to MMPI-2-RF item ordering and vice versa?

    Yes, in Appendix E of the MMPI-2-RF Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation (2008).

    Are all MMPI-2-RF scales copyrighted?

    Yes.

    Should I use the MMPI-2-RF instrument in light of the recent ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) and the Civil Rights Act?

    Pearson cannot offer legal advice; we recommend that you seek the opinion of competent employment counsel to ensure that you obtain the most appropriate advice for your individual circumstances. The apparent impact of the ADA on the use of the MMPI-2-RF instrument relates to the timing of the administration. Because the MMPI-2-RF instrument appears to be classified as a medical examination under the ADA, it must be administered subsequent to a conditional offer of employment being tendered by an employer. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1991 ("CRA") it is inappropriate to use tests with either race or sex norms in the employment domain. The MMPI-2-RF norms are not based on race or sex.

    Invalid Report and Demographic Defaults

    What are the demographic default values and scorability rules for an MMPI-2-RF administration?

    Test Date, Birth Date, ID Number, and Gender must be filled in. The software will not print any report without this information. Age is calculated from the Test Date and Birth Date. If the client is younger than 18, no report will be printed. There are no default values for Years of Education, Marital Status, or Ethnic Origin if these demographic data are missing because they are not required and have no impact on the scoring of the MMPI-2-RF assessment.

    My MMPI-2-RF Score Report is invalid, but it doesn't say that on the report. Why not?

    The Score Report provides profiles and scores for the MMPI-2-RF scales, but does not provide an interpretation. Traditional invalidity rules are not applicable to the Score Report. When using this report, interpretation is the responsibility of the clinician. The clinician is responsible for addressing scale invalidity in his or her interpretation.

    How does the MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report deal with invalid protocols?

    Protocols that are invalid and uninterpretable due to elevated VRIN-r and TRIN-r scores include unscorable responses, but no critical responses for any scales. Protocols that are invalid and uninterpretable due to elevated F-r and Fp-r scores, and % scorable < 70 on any of the validity scales include unscorable responses and critical responses for the following seven scales (only if these scales are also elevated): SUI, HLP, AXY, RC6, RC8, SUB, and AGG. Invalid reports are clearly marked with an invalidity message on each profile and no interpretation is provided.

    My MMPI-2 report was scorable and valid, but my MMPI-2-RF report was not scorable and valid. Which test and report should I rely upon?

    The MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales are similar but not identical to the MMPI-2 Validity Scales. The former are less redundant (e.g., there is no item overlap on the VRIN-r and TRIN-r scales) and more up-to-date (e.g., unlike F, F-r includes only items rarely endorsed by the MMPI-2 normative sample). Because all of the MMPI-2-RF items are embedded in the MMPI-2, if the MMPI-2-RF report indicates that the protocol is invalid, then the MMPI-2 results are likely invalid as well and should not be interpreted. In an opposite case, if an MMPI-2 protocol is invalid and the MMPI-2-RF report indicates that the protocol is valid, the MMPI-2-RF results can be interpreted with caution.

    Scales

    What is the FBS-r (Symptom Validity) Scale?

    The FBS-r (Symptom Validity) Scale provides information regarding non-credible symptom reporting and has been found particularly useful in neuropsychological assessments.

    What is the RBS Scale?

    The Response Bias Scale (RBS) is an over-reporting indicator associated with exaggerated or non-credible memory complaints. References to RBS studies can be found in the MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual.

    Are the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in the MMPI-2-RF the same as the RC Scales in the MMPI-2?

    Yes, they are identical. For more information about the RC Scales, visit: here

    Are the MMPI-2-RF T scores K-corrected?

    No. Published research indicates that the K correction does not enhance validity and in some cases validity is actually attenuated by the K correction.

    Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

    What kind of documentation is available for the RC Scales?

    A test monograph, available from Pearson (Product # 29433), by Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham, & Kaemmer (2003), titled The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation, includes: an introduction providing the rationale for creating the RC Scales, information about how the scales were developed, detailed psychometric information on the reliability and validity of the RC Scales, recommendations for interpreting the RC Scales, case examples illustrating RC Scale interpretation, and a discussion of future directions in RC Scale research and application. This document also includes detailed appendixes specifying the item composition of the scales and raw-to-uniform T-score conversion tables. See also the MMPI-2-RF Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation for an extensive discussion of the scales. Numerous publications on the RC Scales have appeared in the journal and book literature, including the text by Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF (2012), available from the University of Minnesota Press.

    What is the research base for the RC Scales?

    The development and validation of the scales is documented in the first chapter of a test monograph by Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham, & Kaemmer (2003), titled The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation, available from Pearson (Product # 29433). Numerous publications on the RC Scales have appeared in the journal and book literature, including the text by Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF (2012), available from the University of Minnesota Press.

    How were the RC Scales developed?

    The development of the scales is documented in the first chapter of a test monograph by Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham, & Kaemmer (2003), titled The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation, available from Pearson (Product # 29433), and in the text by Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF (2012), available from the University of Minnesota Press.

    The author of the scales, Auke Tellegen, first isolated the general distress or “demoralization” component of the existing Clinical Scales. He then identified major distinctive and maximally demoralization-free components of the ten scales and constructed a set of new scales measuring these components for eight of the scales (not for Scales 5 and 0).

    Do the RC Scales overlap?

    No, they do not. It was the intent of the scales’ developer, Auke Tellegen, to construct scales that would each measure a major distinctive dimension currently embedded in the Clinical scales.

    Why don't scales 5 and 0 have corresponding RC Scales?

    The RC Scales were designed to assess psychopathology. Scale 5 does not assess a currently recognized clinical disorder, and Scale 0 measures a normal–range personality trait. The MMPI-2-RF, anchored by the RC Scales, includes scales that assess constructs associated with Clinical Scales 5 and 0.

    What are the intercorrelations of the RC Scales, and, in comparison, of the Clinical Scales?

    Intercorrelations of both sets of scales on several samples are reported in Tables 4-6 through 4-12 of a test monograph by Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham, & Kaemmer (2003), titled The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation,available from Pearson (Product #29433). As expected, the RC Scales are considerably less strongly intercorrelated (considerably more distinctive) than are the Clinical Scales.

    What are the test-retest reliabilities of the RC Scales?

    This information is provided in Tables 4-4 and 4-5 of a test monograph by Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham, & Kaemmer (2003), titled The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation Product # 29433)  See also the MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual.

    What are the internal consistencies of the RC Scales?

    This information is provided in Tables 4-4 and 4-5 of a Test Monograph by Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham. & Kaemmer (2003), titled The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Development, Validation, and Interpretation (Product # 29433).  See also the MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual.

    Do I use the traditional cut-offs to evaluate elevations on the RC Scales?

    Yes, with the same precautions one should observe for employing any recommended cut-offs, namely that they be considered guidelines identifying points at which the interpretive focus should shift, rather than as fixed points demarcating qualitative change.

    Are the RC Scales K-corrected? Why not?

    The RC Scales are not K-corrected. Research indicates that the K correction either does not affect the validity of the Clinical Scales (in clinical settings) or significantly attenuates the validity of the scales. A K correction is therefore not applied to the RC Scales.

    Are the Clinical Scales less valid than the RC Scales?

    Research has established that in comparison with the Clinical Scales, the RC Scales have comparable to improved convergent validity and substantially improved discriminant validity.

    What is the Demoralization Scale?

    The Demoralization Scale provides an appraisal of the test-taker’s current overall sense of well-being. As such, it can serve as the starting point for the RC Scale interpretation process. It was constructed by extracting to the extent possible from the Clinical Scales the general distress component present in all the Clinical Scales as well as in most other MMPI-2 scales.

    Are the RC Scales useful with non-clinical populations that typically produce within-normal-limits profiles, like personnel/employee testing and child custody evaluations?

    The RC Scales can also be effective with non-clinical populations.  Corey and Ben-Porath review studies that support and guide use of the RC Scales in pre-employment assessments of police officer candidates (see MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report User’s Guide). This body of research indicates a need to use lower (than the traditional T score 65) cut-offs in assessments of risk for negative outcomes in police candidates. Table 4-6 includes recommended cut-offs for the RC Scales.

    How do the Clinical Scales and the RC Scales differ in how they assess psychopathology?

    Multiple elevations on the Clinical Scales may reflect comorbidity and/or demoralization, making it difficult to accurately determine the presence of actually comorbid and complex syndromes. The relatively low demoralization saturation of the RC Scales and their improved discriminant properties enable users to more accurately identify the necessary elements of a syndrome and the occurrence of comorbidity.

    Interpretive Reports

    Can I create my own comparison group?

    Yes. Users can create user-customized comparison groups based on data within their Q Local database. See chapter 5 of the MMPI-2-RF User's Guide for Reports (2011) for detailed instructions.

    Why didn't I receive all of the references in the End Notes section of my MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report: Clinical Settings?

    References are printed only for studies relied upon in generating correlate-based interpretive statements in a specific report. This enhancement was introduced in version 2.3 of Q Local software. An up-to-date list of all MMPI-2-RF references can be found at: here.

    Can the MMPI-2-RF Clinical Interpretive Report serve as a complete and independent psychological report on a client?

    No. As noted on each report, the statements contained in the narrative represent a professional-to-professional consultation and do not serve as an independent or "stand-alone" report. The following notice appears in the MMPI-2-RF reports: “The interpretive report is intended for use by a professional qualified to interpret the MMPI-2-RF. The information it contains should be considered in the context of the test-taker’s background, the circumstances of the assessment, and other available information.”

    What other interpretive reports are available for the MMPI-2-RF?

    The MMPI-2-RF Police Candidate Interpretive Report (PCIR) by David M. Corey and Yossef S. Ben-Porath is based on police officer outcome research and designed to assist psychologists in confidently evaluating police officer candidates accurately and efficiently.

    The Spine Surgery Candidate Interpretive Report (Spine-CIR) and Spinal Cord Stimulator Interpretive Report (Stim-CIR) by Andrew R. Block and Yossef S. Ben-Porath are designed to assist psychologists in pre-surgical evaluations of patients being considered for these procedures.

    Can I exchange unused MMPI-2 report usages for MMPI-2-RF usages?

    Please call us at 1-800-627-7271 to discuss the exchange of MMPI-2 report usages for MMPI-2-RF usages.

    Can I print an MMPI-2 report and an MMPI-2-RF report for the same test-taker?

    Yes, the Score and Print Report menu for an MMPI-2 administration includes an option to generate an MMPI-2-RF report. An MMPI-2-RF usage will be required to generate the MMPI-2-RF report for the test-taker's administration. See chapter 5 of the MMPI-2-RF User's Guide for Reports (2011) for detailed instructions.

    Can I administer an “abbreviated” MMPI-2 test (first 370 items only) and get an MMPI-2-RF report?

    No. The MMPI-2-RF is composed of items throughout the entire MMPI-2 test booklet.

    Where can I find further information about the MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Reports?

    The MMPI-2-RF User's Guide for Reports is available from NCS Pearson, Inc.

    The manuals for the MMPI-2-RF are available from Pearson:

    Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2008/2011). MMPI-2-RF Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008/2011). MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Books available from the University of Minnesota Press:

    Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2012).  Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Corey, D. M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2018). Assessing Police and Other Public Safety Personnel Using the MMPI-2-RF: A Practical Guide.  Minneapolis, MN:  University of Minnesota Press. 

    Sellbom, M., & Wygant, D. B. (2018). Forensic Applications of the MMPI-2-RF:  A Casebook.  Minneapolis, MN:  University of Minnesota Press.

    Transitioning from the MMPI-2 to the MMPI-2-RF

    What are some resources to help transition from the MMPI-2 to the MMPI-2-RF?

    The University of Minnesota Press invited MMPI-2-RF co-authors Auke Tellegen and Yossef Ben-Porath to have a videotaped "conversation" about the test in the context of the development of all the MMPI instruments.  Beginning with the original MMPI, authors Tellegen and Ben-Porath discuss the rationale for developing the tests and describe the major features of each. To view the videos, click here.

    Dr. David McCord of Western Carolina University hosts a webinar on how to remain current in assessment by transitioning to the MMPI-2-RF, and how the test's transparent, straightforward interpretation leads to a better understanding of test results. Listen to a pre-recorded webinar on the training tab.

    		 

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