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Psychological Tests Can Help Medical Professionals Meet New Industry Recommendations

Recently, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a recommendation that all adult patients be screened for depression as part of their regular clinic visits. The task force—an independent panel of experts in prevention and primary care convened by the federal government—reports that:

  • 5% to 9% of adults in the U.S. have depression
  • 50% of these patients go undiagnosed and untreated in primary care
  • Depression costs $43 billion per year, of which $17 billion are in lost workdays

As part of its recommendation, the task force also advises clinics that screen for depression to have systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment and follow-up.1

The science behind screeners

Standardized psychological tests can help primary care physicians comply with the task force’s recommendations effectively. However, medical professionals may have concerns about using psychological screeners, believing that they are not as empirically based as medical tests.

In fact, standardized psychological tests are developed using the science of psychometrics, which dictates that the test be:

  • Valid (The test should measure what it is supposed to measure.)
  • Reliable (The test should give the same results every time.)
  • Normed (The test should provide norms that serve as clinical benchmarks to which a patient can be compared.)2

The efficacy of psychological assessments is supported by the findings of the APA’s Psychological Assessment Work Group. In a study based on 125 meta-analyses, the work group determined that many psychological tests have comparable validity to medical tests.

As reported in Monitor on Psychology, the APA study found that:

  • Psychological tests such as the Millon™ Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, the Thematic Apperception Test, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist and other neurological and cognitive tests produce medium to large effect sizes, as do medical tests such as Pap smears, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrocardiograms.


  • The MMPI® scale scores and average ability to detect depressive or psychotic disorder generates an effect size of 0.37 while the use of a Pap test to detect cervical abnormalities produces an effect size of 0.36. The effectiveness of these very different tests used to detect very different outcomes is much the same.3

1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2002) Screening for depression: Recommendations and Rationale. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(10), 760-764.
2. Bruns, D., & Disorbio, J.M. (2002). BBHI 2 (Brief Battery for Health Improvement 2) manual. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson.
3. Daw, Jennifer. (2001) Psychological assessments shown to be as valid as medical tests. Monitor on Psychology, 32(7), 46-47.

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